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Distillation

Distillation trains a small model to imitate a more powerful one.

Customization 4 min read Updated 2026-05-22
— Definition

Distillation, in plain words

Distillation trains a small model to imitate a more powerful one.

Present distillation as passing know-how from teacher to student, not as compression.

A concrete example

GPT-4 answers. You train a small model to reproduce its answers. The small one becomes almost as good, for 10x less.

Why it matters

Distillation explains why the "mini" models (Haiku, Gemini Flash, GPT-4o mini) are so good despite their small size.

You see it when the goal is to cut costs while keeping quality close.

Don't mix it up with

Fine-tuning: Fine-tuning adapts an existing model on examples to improve one specific behavior.

Quantization: Quantization lowers a model's internal precision to save memory and gain speed.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing distillation with fine-tuning: they're not the same thing.
  • Believing a distilled model keeps 100% of the teacher model's abilities.
  • Forgetting that distillation takes a huge amount of data from the teacher model.

Quick checklist

  • First I check whether the word names a concept, a tool, a risk, or a metric.
  • I tie it to a concrete case: GPT-4 answers. You train a small model to reproduce its answers. The small one becomes almost as good, for 10x less.
  • I keep the main trap in mind: Confusing distillation with fine-tuning: they're not the same thing.

Quick questions

What is Distillation in AI?

Distillation trains a small model to imitate a more powerful one.

Where will I run into Distillation?

You see it when the goal is to cut costs while keeping quality close.

Which word should I read next?

Start with Fine-tuning, Quantization, AI model.

Want to keep going in order?

Head back to the full glossary, search a word, then open only the pages that deserve more than a short definition.

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